AFFF Fire-Fighting Foam Lawsuit – April 2025 Update
AFFF Lawsuit Overview
Thousands of AFFF firefighting foam lawsuits, now consolidated in the AFFF Multi-District Litigation under Judge Gergel in Charleston, South Carolina, involve firefighters and military personnel exposed to harmful PFAS chemicals in the foam. Studies show firefighters have triple the PFAS levels in their blood compared to the general population. Originally patented in 1965 by the US military and 3M, AFFF foam was used extensively on military bases and airports for high-temperature fires. AFFF Firefighting Foam contains toxic ‘forever chemicals’ like PFOS and PFOA, which don’t degrade naturally, and have been classified as carcinogens by the World Health Organization. Because of this, people who have been exposed to AFFF have been found to have higher rates of cancer and other diseases, King Law is investigating AFFF firefighting foam lawsuits nationwide, providing updates, background information, and is available to address any questions you may have about the lawsuit.
AFFF Lawsuit – 2025 Updates
April 18, 2025: AFFF Products May Be Linked to Contamination at 581 Military Installations
AFFF fire-fighting foams have been linked to public and private water contamination across the United States. Dangerous chemicals (PFAS) in these foams have leached into soil, groundwater, and drinking water. A recent assessment by the Department of Defense (DoD) examined just how many sites might be contaminated due to AFFF usage. The results were staggering. During its preliminary assessment, the DoD said 581 out of the 723 locations sampled needed some level of cleanup. The chemicals in AFFF products have been linked to various cancers and ulcerative colitis. People are still filing lawsuits related to their AFFF-related injuries.
April 9, 2025: Judge Starts Process To Determine Which AFFF Manufacturers Responsible for Pollution
Which companies polluted which areas will be crucial information in the group lawsuit against PFAS manufacturers. The U.S. district judge overseeing these cases, Richard M. Gergel, has identified 12 test sites where fire-fighting foams were used extensively. Through sampling and testing, the goal is to understand which company’s products polluted these sites and in what proportions. These 12 sites are located at airports, fire stations, and training facilities in seven states. Judge Gergel chose these sites due to their level of PFAS contamination and recordkeeping. Establishing which companies polluted water at which sites will be essential in determining who pays settlements to those harmed by AFFF exposure.
April 2, 2025: Science Days Scheduled in AFFF Lawsuit
The group lawsuit for people harmed by chemicals in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) is moving forward. As attorneys on both sides prepare for test trials, called bellwether trials, another important event is near. According to an order issued by the Hon. Richard M. Gergel, there will be two Science Days in the AFFF group litigation. The first Science Day will be held on June 6, 2025, and the second will be held on June 20, 2025. The first date will be for kidney cancer, testicular cancer, ulcerative colitis; and thyroid disease. The second date will be for thyroid cancer and liver cancer. Science days are important events in mass tort trials, like the trials for AFFF injuries. These court proceedings are when attorneys on both sides facilitate expert testimony and opinions to establish facts for the case. Plaintiffs’ attorneys will be working to establish the link between AFFF exposure and the various cancers and conditions listed above.
March 19, 2025: Lawsuits Filed By People With Ulcerative Colitis Are Added to AFFF Information-Gathering Process for the Group Lawsuit
The group lawsuit filed against AFFF fire-fighting foam manufacturers is currently in the discovery phase, and more people harmed by chemicals in fire-fighting foams are joining the discovery pool. The discovery phase is when attorneys on both sides gather information from plaintiffs, company communications, studies, and scientific experts. Three more lawsuits filed by people with ulcerative colitis have been added to the Phase 1 discovery pool. These lawsuits may be chosen to move on to Bellwether trials, which are test trials that predict how many lawsuits in the group litigation will play out. Representation of ulcerative colitis in the discovery pool will be important to other plaintiffs who have experienced the same injury.
March 12, 2025: Settlements in AFFF Lawsuits Could Be Reached Within 2 Months
Lawyers representing people harmed by AFFF fire-fighting foams are hopeful to reach a settlement in the next 2 to 4 months. We believe there is a strong likelihood for a settlement before the bellwether trials, which are scheduled for October 2025. Over the last month, there was a large increase in cases filed as part of the multidistrict lawsuit against AFFF fire-fighting foam manufacturers. This increase may suggest lawyers are trying to get cases on file because they believe a settlement is coming. People who think their illnesses were caused by PFAS in AFFF foams and contaminated water can still join the lawsuit.
March 3, 2025: Some AFFF Lawsuits Could Settle in 2025
Thousands of people have filed lawsuits after developing cancer and other diseases related to forever chemicals in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) fire-fighting foams. Many of those people have joined the group lawsuit against 3M (MDL)-2873, Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Products Liability Litigation). As of March 3, 2025, there are still 8,430 active lawsuits in the AFFF litigation. Many of these lawsuits may be on the verge of settlements. The defendant, 3M, knows there are multiple rulings over the coming months that are expected to plaintiff-positive. The judge in the case, Judge Gergel, also recently affirmed the major injuries caused by PFAS. These developments could encourage 3M to start settling some lawsuits in this litigation.
February 5, 2025: 3M Likely New About Dangers of Its AFFF Products for Decades, Yet Touted Their Safety
A new investigation conducted by Analysis by Watershed Investigations and the Guardian brings evidence that 3M knew its aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) persisted in the environment as early as the 1960s. However, 3M continued to market their AFFF fire-fighting foams as biodegradable until the 1990s. The PFAS chemicals in their foams are now known as “forever chemicals,” which is a polar opposite of biodegradable. People allege that exposure to these chemicals has led them to develop cancer and other serious conditions. Many people harmed by AFFF products have joined the multidistrict lawsuit against 3M.
January 8, 2025: U.S. Government Tries To Be Dismissed as a Defendant in AFFF Cases
In the federal AFFF lawsuit, the U.S. Government filed a motion to be dismissed as a defendant. The government is a key defendant in MDL No. 2873: Re Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Products Liability Litigation. The judge overseeing the case issued a case management order that announced the government will get a hearing on this matter on February 7, 2025. Many members of the legal community think it is unlikely the U.S. Government will be successful in this endeavor. Instead, it is likely the government will be held liable for water contamination from AFFF, which hurt many people.
January 7, 2025: Active AFFF Lawsuits Reach 7,633 At Start of 2025
As 2024 comes to a close, the number of active lawsuits against 3M and aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) product manufacturers climbed to 7,633. Since the massive multidistrict litigation began in 2018, a total of 11,432 cases have been filed in federal court. Plaintiffs claim the forever chemicals in the industrial foam used on military bases contaminated drinking water and caused diseases like cancer.
January 3, 2025: People Suffering from Ulcerative Colitis From AFFF Exposure May Get Specialized Bellwether Trials
Attorneys on both sides of the consolidated federal lawsuit against AFFF manufacturers have submitted a joint request for a case management order. This order asks the judge to create a pool of cases where ulcerative colitis is the primary injury for people exposed to chemicals in AFFF. If approved by judges, the order would allow a more in-depth discovery process about ulcerative colitis cases. This means that people suffering from this condition due to AFFF exposure may have more positive trial outcomes.
December 20, 2024: More Plaintiffs Join AFFF Lawsuit Because of Exposure to Forever Chemicals in AFFF
On December 18, 2024, eleven lawsuits filed in state courts were transferred to the federal multidistrict lawsuit against 3M, Chemguard, and other companies related their firefighting foams. The plaintiffs in these lawsuits claim that inadvertent exposure to PFAS traced to firefighting foams manufactured by the defendants caused them to develop medical conditions like cancer. Many people living in or near military bases had their water supplies contaminated by AFFF. If you think you were diagnosed with cancer because of AFFF exposure, people can still join this lawsuit.
December 10, 2024: AFFF MDL Plaintiffs File Response to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss
On December 10, 2024, the plaintiffs in the federal AFFF lawsuit filed a formal response to the defendants’ motion to dismiss. On November 27, 2024, the defendants had filed a motion to dismiss a handful of individual lawsuits on technical grounds. The plaintiffs responded to this motion by submitting updated Fact Sheets and explaining that they are in compliance and they should get to continue their cases.
December 4, 2024: Parties Submit Joint Proposed Order to Streamline Fact-Gathering Process in AFFF Lawsuit
On December 3, 2024, the parties submitted a joint proposal suggesting changes to Fact Sheets the plaintiffs should turn in. In the AFFF MDL, the plaintiffs must submit a specific form telling the court and others about themselves, their injuries, their exposure to harmful PFAS, and other important matters. Future plaintiffs would turn in this new form when joining this ongoing lawsuit.
December 2, 2024: Former 3M Employee and Whistleblower Says Company Knew About Dangers of PFAS in AFFF
A scientist and former 3M employee, Kris Hansen, said 3M knew for years how PFAS in their products might be affecting the environment and human health. Yet, she said in an interview with ABC News, the company chose to cover up data and asked her to do the same. Hansen worked at 3M in Minnesota from the 1990s until 2022. During that time, she was assigned to study blood samples from plant workers, animals, and the general public. She was looking for PFAS, which are present in products like fire-fighting foams, in these samples. When she found evidence of 3M chemicals in samples and voiced her concern to the CEO, she was asked to never discuss this outside of the company and was then reassigned. Her story further supports that 3M had early knowledge of possible leaching and health concerns associated with PFAS and chose to cover up this information.
November 22, 2024: Debate Continues Over 3M’s Alleged Improper Questioning in AFFF Lawsuit
On November 19, 2024, plaintiff Kevin Voelker’s attorneys filed a reply motion defending their position that a protective order is necessary. The plaintiff alleges that 3M engaged in inappropriate and “indefensible” questioning of people who are not part of the AFFF lawsuit. In its response to the motion, Defendants argued these were “theatrics” during part of otherwise relevant questioning. The judge should decide on this issue shortly.
November 15, 2024: Plaintiff in AFFF Lawsuit Files a Protective Order to Stop 3M’s Improper Conduct
Kevin Voelker, an AFFF MDL plaintiff, filed a motion to ask for a protective order to stop 3M and others from using improperly discovered information. According to the legal documents, the defendants got hold of the plaintiff’s employment records without proper authorization. The plaintiff asks the Judge to put a stop to this practice and make the defendants destroy or return the unauthorized records.
November 7, 2024: Judge in AFFF Lawsuit Creates Process For Determining Which PFAS Products Were Used at Military Bases
On November 4, 2024, U.S. District Judge, Richard M. Gergel, issued an order regarding investigations into what products were used at sites contaminated with AFFF. Essentially, Judge Gergel said it was not practical to determine which AFFF products were used at each individual military base involved in this litigation. Instead, he has requested that counsel for the plaintiffs and defendants agree to a list of 15 contaminated military sites that will be representative of all sites involved in the litigation. These 15 sites will be used in a focused discovery process. This is important, because these sites must represent all of the various AFFF products that possibly contaminated water supplies and soils around military bases.
November 1, 2024: More Plaintiffs Join in Federal AFFF Lawsuit In October
More plaintiffs joined in the active fight against companies — like 3M — that poisoned people’s drinking water with PFAS in firefighting foam (AFFF) for decades. Seven more lawsuits transferred from state courts to the AFFF federal multidistrict litigation (or MDL) as of October 29, 2024. More consumers and service members will come forward as they learn about the impacts of AFFF on their health.
October 23, 2024: Carrier Reaches $730M Settlement With Subsidiary and Plaintiffs in the AFFF Lawsuit
Carrier Global has agreed to pay $730M to Kidde-Fenwal and claimants who have sued the company after its toxic firefighting foams contaminated drinking water supplies. Kidde-Fenwal, who is named as a defendant in more than 4,400 PFAS lawsuits, filed for bankruptcy in May of 2023. In a filing in Delaware Federal Court, the company said it will use funds from the settlement to file a Chapter 11 bankruptcy plan that will allow them to pay government entities, companies, and individuals. The settlement agreement has support from Kidde-Fenwal’s creditors and the lead plaintiffs in the AFFF lawsuits. Carrier will pay $540 million to Kidde-Fenwal and $190 million to the PFAS plaintiffs. The company is the fifth defendant to settle in the AFFF products liability litigation.
October 23, 2024: Updates Made to Plaintiff Profile Form in AFFF Lawsuit as Settlements Near
Hon. Richard M. Gergel issued an order containing an updated Plaintiff Profile Form (PPF) in the AFFF multidistrict lawsuit (MDL 2873). The change management order issued by Judge Gergel contained instructions and timelines for PPF completion. PPFs are used by plaintiffs’ attorneys to collect detailed information about each plaintiff. A PPF standardizes the information intake during trials and needs to be submitted for each person pursuing an AFFF lawsuit. Some lawyers think issuing an updated PPF may indicate progress toward a settlement.
October 2, 2024 – Expert Reports and Potential Settlement Outcomes in the AFFF Lawsuit
Preliminary expert reports are due in the AFFF lawsuit Tuesday, October 8th. The plaintiff attorneys will present to the judge what they intend for their experts to testify regarding how AFFF exposure contributes to cancer development. Once the plaintiff attorneys submit their expert reports, the defense will have around 60 days to file their own. The defense will likely argue that there is insufficient evidence in the plaintiff cases linking AFFF exposure to cancer.
Following the judge’s ruling on the admissibility of the expert testimony, a favorable decision could increase pressure on the defense and potentially lead to a settlement before the bellwether trials begin.
September 9, 2024 – Massive AFFF Foam Spill at Former Brunswick Naval Air Station
On August 19, 2024, a fire suppression system failure at the former Brunswick Naval Air Station in Brunswick, Maine, released an astonishing 51,450 gallons of AFFF firefighting foam. This spill could have lasting consequences on the water supply near the spill site for decades to come. AFFF foam contains a group of chemicals known as PFAS, or “forever chemicals,” because they do not break down in the environment. AFFF and PFAS have been at the center of cleanup efforts and a move to transition to “safer” versions of fire suppression. PFAS chemicals have been tied to serious health risks such as kidney cancer, testicular cancer, liver cancer, thyroid cancer, thyroid disease, and ulcerative colitis. This has led to a massive number of lawsuits around the country. To date, only 6,000 of the more than 50,000 gallons have been recovered.
July 7, 2024 – AFFF Lawsuit Nears Critical Juncture with Settlement Speculation
The AFFF lawsuit saw significant growth in June, with nearly 9,200 cases now in the MDL. Discovery is ongoing, and trials are on the horizon. There is speculation that the case may settle prior to any trials taking place. The case started in 2018, and we’re at the point where this type of litigation typically comes to a close.
June 14, 2024 – ABC News Highlights Long-Term Impact of AFFF Foam on U.S. Communities
In May 2024, ABC News ran a primetime story about the lasting effect that the military’s use of AFFF firefighting foam has on Oscoda, Michigan, and other communities located near military bases throughout the United States. The United States military is the largest contributor to PFAS water contamination in the country. It is estimated it may take decades to clean up. AFFF foam still washes up on the shores of Van Etten Lake in Michigan 30+ years after Wurtsmith AFB closed. This highlights just how expansive and devastating the military’s use of AFFF has been for communities and individuals. Wurtsmith AFB is just one example of the more than 700 military bases and surrounding areas that suffer the consequences.
May 31, 2024 – AFFF Remains the Largest PFAS Class Action Litigation
MDL No. 2873, Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFF) Products Liability Litigation, remains the largest PFAS class action lawsuit. The case was consolidated in late 2018 and the first case management order was filed on January 2, 2019.
May 11, 2024 – Judge Gergel Sets Bellwether Trial Schedule for AFFF Firefighting Foam Lawsuit
Judge Gergel has issued an order setting the schedule for test trials in the AFFF Firefighting Foam lawsuit. The Bellwether scheduling order is dated May 7, 2024. The order is important because it states there are two test locations where water was contaminated, as well as the primary injuries that the lawsuit is currently focusing on. First, the trials will focus on communities where AFFF firefighting foam has leached into the groundwater. The contamination is believed to come from Air Force bases in Colorado. The Judge had previously limited the pool of potential bellwether plaintiffs to 25. The injuries that are in the group of 25 possible cases have been limited to kidney cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid disease, and ulcerative colitis. Interestingly, the judge is referring to kidney cancer and testicular cancer as “Group A” and thyroid disease and ulcerative colitis as “Group B.”
May 2, 2024 – Critical Stage Reached in AFFF Firefighting Foam Lawsuit with Bellwether Trials Approaching
We are at a critical stage in the AFFF firefighting foam lawsuit. The parties are deep in bellwether trial preparation. After years of discovery, document review from over two dozen companies, and depositions, the pool of potential trial plaintiffs is very small. It appears that bellwether trials will focus on consumers of water that was contaminated with AFFF firefighting foam. The government has continued to issue findings and rules confirming what Plaintiffs’ lawyers have been saying for years – PFAS chemicals are bad for people’s health, even small amounts of PFAS chemicals can be harmful, and a substantial amount of the PFAS in the environment comes from AFFF firefighting foam.
April 24, 2024 – Update on AFFF Firefighting Foam Lawsuit: Progress and Delays Explained
The status of the AFFF firefighting foam lawsuit can be best understood by a careful reading of Case Management Order number 28, filed April 9, 2024. The order comes after multiple delays. There are two reasons for delay in this case: first, the parties are also working on finalizing the settlements for PFAS in the water supply, which is another part of this lawsuit. Second, the parties are working towards a settlement. It appears from reading this order that the biggest hurdle in a resolution in this case is what illnesses will be covered by a settlement. The order says the plaintiff leadership lawyers must state to the defense what illnesses they believe they can prove are associated with AFFF chemical exposure by April 3, 2024. The defense must then dispute the illnesses they believe the plaintiffs are wrong about by May 1, 2024. Finally, the parties must then jointly file with the Judge the illnesses that are agreed upon and those disputed. The Judge will then conduct a science day to hear more about which illnesses can be proven and how. In conclusion, the issue in the AFFF firefighting foam lawsuit is what illnesses will be part of a settlement.
March 20, 2024 – Plaintiffs in AFFF case ask for new diseases to be added for consideration
In a new case management order in the AFFF lawsuit, the plaintiffs leadership has asked the judge to add two new diseases to the list as for consideration in the litigation. Originally, the plaintiffs listed Kidney Cancer, Testicular Cancer, Thyroid Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis, as the cases most likely linked to AFFF exposure. In this new request, the plaintiff’s assert that Liver Cancer and Thyroid Cancer should be added. This list is no all-inclusive and it is possible that several other diseases will considered as trials approach in 2024.
March 1, 2024 – AFFF Judge Orders Plaintiff Fact Sheet for Turnout Gear in AFFF lawsuit
Judge Gergel issued a new order requiring a separate plaintiff fact sheet for turnout gear plaintiffs. Turnout gear is personal protective equipment used by firefighters to shield them from the hazards of firefighting. Jackets, pants, and other gear contain several layers of protective material, and often times the outer layer is treated with PFAS because of its resistance to chemicals and water. Firefighters who handle the gear often are exposed to the harmful effects of PFAS and may develop serious conditions like Kidney Cancer, Testicular Cancer, Thyroid Cancer, Prostate Cancer, among other diseases. This detailed fact sheet ordered by the judge will be required for all plaintiff’s claiming PFAS exposure from turnout gear.
February 13, 2024 – Judge Gergel Approves $1.185 Billion Settlement in AFFF Firefighting Foam Litigation, Paves Way for Personal Injury Claims
Judge Gergel has issued an important order in the AFFF firefighting foam lawsuit. In an Order dated February 8, 2024 the Court approved the first settlement in the AFFF Firefighting Foam Product Liability Litigation, MDL No. 2873. This partial settlement is between defendant Dupont and Public Water Suppliers and provides $1.185 billion. Firefighting foam is the largest contributor to PFAS chemicals in many water supplies. These settlements are clearing the way for more litigation about the injuries sustained by firefighters and other people directly exposed to PFAS. The litigation is turning the corner and the personal injury claims will be in focus for the rest of the year. Plaintiff’s lawyers are hopeful to have the first personal injury bellwether case in late 2024. The last time a trial was scheduled in this case it led to a partial settlement. A bellwether trial date would lead to increased potential for settlement of the personal injury claims.
January 26, 2024 – AFFF PFAS Lawsuit Approaches 7,000 cases
As the first phase of the AFFF litigation nears completion – that is lawsuits filed by municipal water supplies – we look forward to phase two: Individual personal injury water contamination cases. These cases involve firefighters exposed to AFFF firefighting foam and individuals exposed to contaminated water on military bases who later developed conditions like cancer and other diseases. The process is underway to organize and select potential cases for trial. We have been waiting for quite some time for the transition to this next phase, and it appears to be ready to pick up steam shortly.
January 15, 2024 – Key Developments In AFFF Firefighting Foam Lawsuit
The AFFF Firefighting Foam Lawsuit is moving forward, with U.S. District Judge Richard M. Gergel overseeing a 24-week core discovery period for selected cases, focusing on both individual and water contamination claims. This period is critical for exchanging crucial documents and conducting limited depositions in preparation for the upcoming bellwether trials. Following this discovery phase, a refined group of cases, titled the “Initial Personal Injury Bellwether Trial Pool Plaintiffs,” will advance towards trial, setting the stage for pivotal future negotiations in firefighter cancer settlements. Simultaneously, manufacturers face additional lawsuits from water providers seeking damages for the removal of toxic AFFF chemicals from local water supplies.
Read previous AFFF firefighting foam lawsuit updates.
Table of Contents:
AFFF Firefighting Foam Background Information
What is AFFF Firefighting Foam Made Of?
AFFF and PFAS: Chemical Composition and Formula
Cancer Risks From AFFF Exposure
Exposure Symptoms and Side Effects
Usage and Exposure by Military Branch
Firefighting Foam Manufacturers
AFFF Firefighting Foam Cancer Lawsuits
AFFF Lawsuit Settlement Amounts
AFFF Firefighting Foam Background Information
Firefighting foam, or AFFF (aqueous film-forming foam), is a synthetic foam that is used to put out class B fires (fires in flammable gases or liquids, such as gasoline). It was developed in the 1960s by the US Navy and has since been used to extinguish class B fires at military facilities, oil tankers, chemical plants, fire departments, airports, flammable liquid storage facilities, etc.
Some AFFF firefighting foams contain PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), nicknamed “forever chemicals”. PFAS chemicals do not degrade and are known to remain in the human body, as well as the environment, indefinitely. PFAS substances in firefighting foam have been linked to serious health conditions, including various cancers, in people who have been exposed to them.
Due to growing concerns over health risks associated with AFFF, multiple AFFF lawsuits have been filed in an effort to hold manufacturers accountable for the damage caused to firefighters and military personnel. Lawsuits claim that manufacturers neglected to provide adequate information on the potential harm caused by firefighting foam. Those who have been exposed to AFFF and subsequently developed cancer or other medical conditions may qualify for compensation. The plaintiffs are hoping for a firefighting foam settlement in 2024. If you have symptoms that could be caused by firefighting foam, contact King Law today to check if you’re eligible to file an AFFF lawsuit.
What Is AFFF Firefighting Foam Made Of?
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (abbreviated to AFFF) is a fire suppressant commonly used at airports and on military bases (inclusive of the navy). It is specifically used to combat liquid-based fires, such as fuel fires.
There are 2 classes of firefighting foams, named after the class of fire they are meant to put out. Class A firefighting foams are used to extinguish “ordinary combustibles” such as paper, cloth, rubber, wood, and many types of plastic. Class A foams are commonly used to combat wildfires. Class A foams are mainly made of synthetic surfactants and do not contain PFAS.
AFFF are class B firefighting foams.
Class B foams are used to extinguish flammable liquids (NFPA considers liquids with a flash point under 100°F flammable). Common examples of flammable liquids are gasoline, oil, diesel, acetone, and propane, as well as alcohols.
There are 4 types of Class B foam:
- Protein foams (don’t contain “forever chemicals”)
- Synthetic fluorine-free foams (also don’t contain “forever chemicals”),
- AFFF, which contains PFAS giving it properties for quickly covering liquids
- Alcohol-resistant aqueous film-forming foams (AR-AFFF) which are (as the name suggests) resistant to alcohol, which can break down bubbles.
AFFF Usage History
In early 1960’s, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in collaboration with 3M, one of the biggest AFFF manufacturers today, began researching the use of PFAS in firefighting foams as a more effective substance for suppressing fuel-based fires. The NRL perfluorooctanoic acid, produced by 3M and used to make Teflon, and Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid to develop Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF).
The U.S. Navy received a patent on AFFF in 1966 and soon after 3M started manufacturing the foam for the military.
AFFF was very effective, so by the late 1960’s, the U.S. Navy required all of its branches to carry AFFF. From 1970 through the 2000’s the military, chemical plants, airports, oil and gas plants, and even civilian fire departments were using PFAS-containing AFFF regularly.
AFFF Phase Out
The phase-out of firefighting foam is slow. Some facilities continue to use it to this day.
- Between 1973 and 1985 Navy and Air Force conducted multiple studies and compiled reports on the toxicity of AFFF.
- Citing toxic effects, Air Force called for better management and disposal of AFFF waste in 1989.
- In 2001 DOD and EPA held a meeting on military use of PFAS in firefighting foam.
- In 2011 DOD released a Chemical and Material Emerging Risk Alert for AFFF, citing “human health and environmental risks.”
- In 2016 the Assistant Secretary of Defence ordered branches of the military to properly dispose of PFAS-containing AFFF.
- In 2018 DOD reported to Congress that there were 401 sites with known or suspected PFAS contamination in the US. This number grew to 651 in 2019, and then reached 678 in 2020.
- In 2020, FY2020 NDAA was issued that prohibits DOD from the use of PFAS-containing AFFF during training and requires that DOD completely stops its use by 2024.
- In 2021, DOD inspector general report found that “DOD officials did not take proactive risk Management actions to mitigate contaminant effects from PFAS-Containing AFFF at DOD installations.”
AFFF and PFAS: Chemical Composition and Formula
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) typically consists of a mixture of water, fluorochemical surfactants, hydrocarbon surfactants, foam stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, and other additives intended to enhance performance and stability. The exact composition may vary depending on intended use.
Firefighting foam is usually purchased as a concentrate, referred to as “3%” or “6%” depending on its mixture ratio with water.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a type of PFAS found in older AFFF products and as a breakdown product of precursor compounds.
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is also a type of PFAS. PFOA is not an intended ingredient in AFFF, but a side product created during the manufacturing process.
Firefighting foam chemicals have the following adverse health effects:
| Chemical | Uses | Dangers |
|---|---|---|
| PFOA |
|
|
| PFOS |
|
|
| PFNA |
|
|
Cancer Risks From AFFF Exposure
Numerous studies have found a link between AFFF exposure and cancer development. U.S. Department of Veteran’s Affairs, CDC, and EPA all report increased cancer risks and other serious health problems related to PFAS contamination. A study published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2020) found PFOA
Cancer Types Caused by PFAS Exposure
AFFF foam lawsuits name kidney and testicular cancer amongst the most common cancer firefighters developed. The following cancers have been linked to PFAS exposure:
- Kidney Cancer
- Thyroid Cancer
- Testicular Cancer
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Prostate Cancer
- Bladder Cancer
- Ovarian Cancer
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
Since AFFFs have been part of firefighters’ tool kits and training for decades, many firefighters have had significant exposure and so are at greater risk of suffering ill effects.
Exposure Symptoms and Side Effects
People who have been exposed to toxic AFFFs for prolonged periods of time are at a higher risk of developing cancer and other serious conditions. This category includes:
- Firefighters, especially military and airport firefighters
- Residents living near a fire/military base, or airport
- Airport employees and military personnel (because they work where the foam is stored)
- Oil and gas workers (who might be exposed to AFFFs in case of a fire)
Firefighting Foam Exposure Symptoms
Firefighting foam exposure has been linked to various health conditions and the symptoms depend on the particular condition you may have developed. If you believe you’ve been exposed to PFAS in firefighting foam and you’re experiencing side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Some of the conditions associated with AFFF exposure include: fertility issues, pregnancy-induced hypertension/pre-eclampsia, kidney cancer and testicular cancer.
While there may be no symptoms, the symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension/pre-eclampsia may include:
- High blood pressure
- Swelling of feet and hands
- Protein in urine
Some symptoms of kidney cancer include:
- Blood in urine
- Persistent pain in the back or side
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
Some symptoms of testicular cancer include:
- A lump or enlargement of either testicle
- Pain or discomfort in the testicle(s) or scrotum
- A dull, aching feeling in the abdomen or groin
These are not exhaustive lists of symptoms and these lists are not meant for self-diagnose. If you’re experiencing health problems, contact your doctor and discuss your symptoms with them. If you think your cancer is related to AFFF, you may be eligible for an AFFF cancer lawsuit.
What isn’t known about PFAS in AFFF
Even though there is sufficient evidence that PFAS in firefighting foam are harmful to humans, there are some things the scientist and the government don’t fully understand yet. For example:
- How to quickly and efficiently detect PFAS in our air, water, soil and fish
- Exactly how harmful PFAS are to people and the environment
- How to remove PFAS from drinking water
- How to properly dispose of PFAS
Usage and Exposure by Military Branch
People who have been exposed to toxic AFFFs for prolonged periods of time are at a higher risk of developing cancer and other serious conditions. This category includes:
- Firefighters, especially military and airport firefighters
- Residents living near a fire/military base, or airport
- Airport employees and military personnel (because they work where the foam is stored)
- Oil and gas workers (who might be exposed to AFFFs in case of a fire)
People who serve in the military may also be at a higher risk of firefighting foam and PFAS exposure.
Navy AFFF Exposure
Firefighting foam containing PFAS was commonly used on navy aircraft carriers due to its ability to effectively and quickly put out fires caused by aviation fuels.
Army AFFF Exposure
The United States Armed Forces was using firefighting foam since early 1960s. The exposure could happen due to real fire emergencies and during training in AFFF use. According to official sources, the U.S. Army no longer uses AFFF for testing, training, or maintenance.
Marines AFFF Exposure
The marines have used and stored military specification firefighting foam in order to combat aircraft and fuel-based fires.
Air Force AFFF Exposure
Firefighting foam was used by the Air Force to contain jet-fuel fires. Air Force servicemen and families on some bases were also exposed to PFAS in drinking water.
Military Bases with Known or Suspected PFAS Release
If you or your loved one was stationed at one of these facilities for 1 year or longer, you may be able to file a lawsuit. You can also check if your facility has been flagged as associated with PFAS exposure on the EPA’s website (US Environmental Protection Agency) or EWG’s website (Environmental Working Group).
Air Force
- Air Force Plant 42
- Beale Air Force Base
- Castle Air Force Base
- Channel Islands ANGS
- Edwards Air Force Base
- Fresno ANG Base
- George Air Force Base
- Los Angeles Air Force Base
- March Air Force Base
- March Air Reserve Base
- Mather Air Force Base
- McClellan Air Force Base
- Moffett Field ANG Station
- Norton Air Force Base
- Onizuka Air Force Station
- Ontario ANG Station
- Travis Air Force Base
- Vandenberg Air Force Base
Army
- AFRC Los Alamitos
- Army Aviation Support ARNG Stockton
- Camp Roberts
- Camp San Luis Obispo
- Fort Hunter Liggett
- Fort Irwin
- Fort Ord
- Fresno ARNG TASMG
- Military Ocean Terminal Concord
- Roseville Armory ARNG
- Sacramento AASF
- Sharpe Army Depot
- Sierra Army Depot
Navy/Marine Corps
- Alameda Naval Complex
- Azusa NCCOSC Morris Dam
- Concord NWS
- Coronado Naval Amphibious Base
- Crows Landing NALF
- Hunter Point NSY
- Long Beach NS
- Long Beach NSY
- Mare Island Naval Complex
- Marine Corps Air Station El Toro
- Marine Corps Air Station Tustin
- Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow
- MCAGCC Twenty Nine Palms
- MCAS Miramar
- MCB Camp Pendleton
- NAF El Centro
- Naval Air Station Lemoore
- Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake
- Naval Base Ventura County, Point Mugu
- Naval Base Ventura County, Port Hueneme
- Naval Base Ventura County, San Nicolas Island
- NAVBASE Coronado
- NAVBASE Point Loma (SUBBASE)/SPAWAR (SSC)
- NAVBASE San Diego
- NAVCOMTELSTA Stockton
- NAVWPNSTA Seal Beach
- NAVWPNSTA Seal Beach Fallbrook
- NOLF Imperial Beach
- San Diego AUXLNDFLD NAVBASE Coronado
- San Diego FASWTC PAC NAVBASE Point Loma
- San Diego Nise-West NAVBASE Point Loma
- Treasure Island Naval Complex
Firefighting Foam Manufacturers
The manufacturers of PFAS-containing AFFF are in the table below:
| Manufacturer | Product Name | Current State |
|---|---|---|
| 3M | Lightwater | No longer produced (as of 2002) |
| Ansul, subsidiary of Tyco | Ansulite | Still produced |
| National Foam, Inc., subsidiary of Kidde-Fenwall | Aer-O-Lite Aer-O-Water Centurion Universal | Still produced |
| Chemguard | Chemguard | Still produced |
| Chemours | FM-200 | Still produced |
Types of AFFF and Modern Alternatives
There are 3 types of AFFF products:
- Legacy PFOS AFFF
- These firefighting foams were produced in the US from the late 1960s until 2002 by 3M and sold under the brand name “Lightwater”. Lightwater AFFF contained PFOS and various precursors that could potentially break down to PFOS and shorter chain PFSAs. Some of these PFSAs are also considered to be persistent.
- Legacy fluorotelomer AFFF (contain some long-chain PFAS)
- These foams were produced in the US from the 1970s until 2016 and encompass all other brands of AFFF besides 3M’s Lightwater. Although these foams are not made with PFOA, according to research published by Backe, Day and Field, they contain polyfluorinated precursors that are shown to break down into PFOA and other PFCAs in the natural environment.
- Modern fluorotelomer AFFF (contain almost exclusively short-chain PFAS)
- Following the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 2010/2015 voluntary PFOA Stewardship Program announcement, most manufacturers transitioned to the production of short-chain (C6) fluorotelomer based PFAS. These firefighting foams are called “modern” to distinguish them from the legacy foams.
As it has become clearer and more public that AFFF is dangerous, legislation (PFAS Action Act of 2021) has been passed to reduce its use by Both the US federal government and individual states (and of course other countries). Each business in the area also has its own rules. Some states entirely prohibit the use of AFFF, some do not control it while others allow its use in specific situations where the potential harm it does is thought to be justified by the harm it can prevent by putting out a potentially dangerous (and environmentally hazardous) fire.
Some of the alternatives to AFFF include fluorine-free foam, dry chemical agents and C6 firefighting foam concentrates.
AFFF Firefighting Foam Cancer Lawsuits
Since the potential side effects of AFFF exposure can be severe, it should come as no surprise that those affected may want to file an AFFF lawsuit. There are over 2,500 plaintiffs in firefighting foam lawsuits as of January 2023.
Companies that supplied AFFF firefighting foam to fire departments, military bases, airports, and others are the defendants named in AFFF lawsuits. These companies include 3M, AGC Chemicals, Amerex Corp., Archroma, Badger, Chemdesign Products, Chemours, Chemguard, Chubb Fire, Corteva, Inc., DuPont, Deep Water Chemicals, Dynax Corporation, Perimeter Solutions, Solberg, Tyco Fire Products, United Technologies Corp., UTC Fire & Security, and more.
Firefighting foam lawsuits claim defendants knew or should have known that PFAS in AFFF can cause significant health problems.
AFFF Lawsuit Settlement Amounts
It is difficult to predict what your AFFF lawsuit payout will be, since every individual case is different. Some sources are optimistic that firefighting foam cash settlement may happen this year.
A tiered system is used to determine the value of compensation settlements. The top tier is for plaintiffs with the greatest exposure and most serious types of AFF-linked cancer. Lower tiers are for palintiffs with less exposure and/or less serious types of cancer. Therefore AFFF lawsuit settlement amounts will depend on the severity of the disease developed following AFFF exposure and associated losses.
The AFFF multidistrict litigation (MDL 2873) aggregates lawsuits from across the US related to harm caused by AFFF exposure.
You can get some idea of settlement amounts from the results of lawsuits filed for PFAS contamination in drinking water. In 2017 DuPont paid $671 million to thousands of plaintiffs for dumping PFAS in West Virginia’s waterways. In 2022 3M and Wolverine Worldwide were ordered to pay $54 million in a class action lawsuit to residents of Kent County Michigan.
The amount of a lawsuit settlement could be affected by the amount of AFFF you have been exposed to and what kind of cancer you have and how much your treatment has cost.
How to File an AFFF Lawsuit
Your legal process for your AFFF claim will start with a consultation that will determine whether or not you are eligible. After that, you will need to gather as much evidence as possible. Our lawyers will help you determine what evidence to present.
Evidence in AFFF lawsuits may include:
- Medical records and diagnosis
- Employment records
- Personal testimony
- Witness testimonies
- Any other information proving exposure to firefighting foam
Contact our team at King Law and we will guide you through the process.
AFFF and Firefighting Foam Lawyers
If you or your loved one suffered the adverse effects of AFFF, you may be eligible to file a lawsuit, and, if you’re successful, receive financial compensation. It is a complicated process and you will benefit from experienced firefighting foam lawyers by your side. At King Law we are committed to helping build strong cases for people who have been exposed to toxic firefighting foams. Our firm specializes in chemical and water contamination cases, specifically in regard to the military. Our team of experienced attorneys will review your situation and determine if you have a case.
You may be able to file an AFFF lawsuit if you or someone close to you:
- Were exposed to AFFF for a prolonged period of time (i.e worked as a firefighter, airport maintenance crew, factory worker, etc.)
- Have been exposed to toxic firefighting foams
- Were later diagnosed with cancer
Contact King Law Today
At King Law, our personal injury lawyers have extensive experience with AFFF lawsuits, and we will put it to work for you. If you or your loved one was harmed by aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), we are more than ready to help. Call us now at (585) 270-8882 or contact us online to schedule a free consultation and to obtain the sound legal advice you need. From our law office, we handle firefighting foam (AFFF) lawsuits nationwide.
AFFF Lawsuit Update Timeline
December 10, 2023 – AFFF Lawsuit Attention Begins to Shift to Personal Injury Cases
After years on dealing with the municipal water supply contamination claims, the focus now begins to shift to individuals injured by exposure to PFAS, particularly firefighters and other who often used or trained with firefighting foam, which contains PFAS. The court recently issued an order directing the parties to submit a joint list of cases for the court to consider for bellwether pool selection. The bellwether pool is a group of plaintiff’s who will be evaluated by the court for possible test trials. The court will initially choose 28 cases form this pool which will be further reduced to a handful of cases which will go to trial. These “test” cases are used to judge how juries will react to evidence and how they will rule in cases, including any damages and financial awards. The results of the bellwether test cases will drive settlement negotiations for the remainder of the cases. Trials are expected to begin in 2024.
December 3, 2023 – Municipal Water Contamination CLaims Continue to dominate AFFF litigation
The AFFF Class Action MDL lawsuit is divided into three groups: Contaminated Municipal Water Supplies; AFFF Exposure cases – such as firefighters; and individual contaminated water exposure cases – such as those on military bases. The current focus of the case continues to be the municipal claims. A settlement was reached, however there is still much legal maneuvering to be done before this case can move on to the next phase of claimants. We expect the focus to move towards the AFFF lawsuit claims by the middle of 2024. If you were exposed to AFFF firefighting foam or to a known contaminated water supply on a military base and have developed an illness or disease you think might be associated, we encourage you to reach out to our form for a free case evaluation.
November 26, 2023 – Number of Cases in the AFFF Lawsuit continues to grow
Because this litigation involves municipality water supplies, as well as individual exposure to AFFF fire foam by those with direct exposure, such as firefighters, it can be difficult to gauge the number of cases for each. We do know that there are now roughly 6,500 claims in this AFFF class-action style litigation, with about half being municipalities. Soon, the parties will begin selecting bellwether cases for trial in the individual exposure cases. Bellwether trials are “test” cases to see how juries will react to evidence and how they will value these cases. Typically, several bellwether trials will be held, usually representing different types of illnesses alleged to have been caused by fire fighting foam, such as Kidney Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Ulcerative Colitis, Testicular Cancer, Pre-eclampsia, and Thyroid Disease. Our firm is actively pursuing these cases in and filing lawsuits in federal court.
October 16, 2023 – Status of AFFF Lawsuit
The AFFF firefighting foam lawsuit is rumored to be making slow but steady progress. There is still hope for settlement for the firefighters this year. The Judge and special master made the first big breakthrough in this case in June when Defendant’s 3M and Dupont agreed to pay billions to municipalities with PFAS in their water. The next portion of the case will focus on the personal injury claims. Thousands of firefighters exposed to AFFF (containing PFAS) have been diagnosed with cancer and filed claims in this federal lawsuit. Other personal injury plaintiff’s include those that lived near Airforce bases or airports and drank water from contaminated wells. One of the outstanding issues standing in the way of settlement of the personal injury claims in the AFFF firefighting foam PFAS lawsuit is what injuries will be compensated. An earlier case known at the Leach case established six injuries. In that case PFAS came from a factory near a town and about 3500 people sued. There was little doubt that Kidney Cancer, Ulcerative Colitis, Testicular Cancer, High Cholesterol, Pre-eclampsia, and Thyroid Disease were related to PFAS exposure. Here, the defense will try to limit the number of illnesses that qualify for a settlement. However, we believe that the science has progressed significantly in the twenty or so years since that case and expect settlement on several additional forms of cancer including prostate cancer. It seems unlikely that the defendants that agreed to settle with the municipal defendants would not want to settle with the first responders themselves.
October 4, 2023 – Updated Announced in AFFF Personal Injury lawsuit Process
Hon. Richard M. Gergel, the judge overseeing the AFFF PFAS exposure lawsuits (often referred to as AFFF or Firefighting foam Class Action Lawsuit) has issued an updated order dealing with trial deadlines and discovery (the exchange of evidence between the parties).
Parties shall exchange an initial list of Plaintiff’s to be considered for the bellwether discovery pool (test cases) by November 14, 2023. A portion of the cases submitted to the court will be chosen for test trials to gauge how juries will react to evidence and testimony. The results of the bellwether cases often drive settlement negotiations for the remaining cases. By no later than December 1, 2023, the parties shall submit to the Court a list of agreed upon cases at which time the Court will choose several to move to the next phase. Ultimately, in most multi-district litigation, between 3-5 bellwether (or test) cases will be tried, setting the stage for a global settlement resolution.
September 18, 2023 – Progress expected soon in AFFF Lawsuit Cases
While the municipality water contamination lawsuits against companies such as 3M, Dupont, and others works its way towards resolution, we expect movement shortly after with respect to individual cases, such as firefighters. It is possible that we may see a bellwether trial (or test case) in the next few months. In multi-district litigation cases such as this, typically tens of thousands of cases are filed in one federal court. Only a few cases are actually selected for trial. These bellwether trials are used to gauge how juries will react to evidence and testimony and often the set the basis for future settlement negotiations for the remaining cases. Our firm is still taking cases of those who had direct exposure to AFFF firefighting foam and we later diagnosed with certain illnesses such as cancer and others like ulcerative colitis.
August 8, 2023 – AFFF Firefighting Foam Lawsuit Reaches Milestone with Over 5,000 cases
The lawsuit linking the chemicals in AFFF to certain cancer and other medical conditions has grown to over 5,000 cases. Some of these cases involve contamination of municipal water supplies, while others are related to direct exposure by firefighters. The breakdown of the number of lawsuits filed by firefighters is not known, but is speculated to be the main focus of the litigation moving forward. There is hope that settlements will be reached in 2023 in the AFFF lawsuits. We were recently reminded of the human toll this has taken when the judge overseeing the case approved a motion to substitute a plaintiff who had died while awaiting resolution of his case. His daughter is now the plaintiff and has filed a wrongful death lawsuit.
July 5, 2023 – Nearly 300 cases added to AFFF Lawsuit
In June, nearly 300 more cases were added to the lawsuit bringing the total to approximately 4,800 cases. A recent settlement involving municipal water contamination claims was reached, which represented a large portion of these cases. Progress continues to be made in the individual cases such as those involving firefighters exposed to cancer causing chemicals contained in AFFF.
In a significant development in the AFFF Fire Fighting Foam Multi-District Litigation (MDL) lawsuits, the bellwether (test) trial of City of Stuart, Florida v. 3M Company, initially scheduled for June 5, 2023, has been postponed at the request of the parties. Lawyer for the Plaintiff and the defendant have been engaged in earnest settlement negotiations as they work towards a global resolution of the plaintiffs’ claims. Because of the prospect of significant progress, both parties requested a continuance of the trial, noting that their efforts would be best spent finalizing an agreement. Judge Layn R. Phillips concurred with the parties and ordered a three week postponement, noting the benefits of a comprehensive resolution. The parties are required to provide the judge with weekly updates. Should an agreement remain elusive at the end of the 21 days, the original trial will be rescheduled.
June 2, 2023 – Chemical Companies Reach 1.19 Billion Settlement in U.S. PFAS Water Contamination Lawsuits
Three major chemical producing companies including Chemours, DuPont, and Corteva have agreed to settle lawsuit claims alleging contamination of public water systems with toxic “forever chemicals” for more than $1 Billion. The chemicals causing the contamination included PFAS which is used in firefighting foams known as Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF). Although the companies deny responsibility, the settlement resolves thousands of lawsuits from around the country. Importantly, this settlement does not cover the many personal injury lawsuits that are claimed by those who developed serious illnesses such as cancer due to their exposure to AFFF, including firefighters and military members, among others. Those cases remain ongoing.